The Macaense diaspora – The last bastion 8 Conclusion – some reflections Retreat to a precarious existence – The Cold War 7 In search of a better worldĬommon features of the communities – Patronage – Localisation debate – the struggle for relevancy – Multiple identities – an identity crisis – The empire strikes back – Crushing the Macaense settler mentality – From settlers to émigrés – Retreat and integration of the Macaense communities – 1937 – Macaense refugees from Shanghai – World War II – 1949 – Driven out of mainland China – Hong Kong Macaenses – British– and best – Recognition and Imperial awards – Career mobility – Land and housing schemes – Active in commerce – Macaense institutions in Hong Kong – Portuguese newspapers in Hong Kong – Club Lusitano – Club de Recreio and sports – Associação Portuguesa de Socorros Mutuos – Civil defence volunteers – Comparisons between the various places 6 The decade of war: retreat and integration of the Macaense communities Treaty aftermath – a survey of the early decades – Canton – Macau – Shanghai – Macaense communities in China – Macau – Shantou – Shameen – The Macaenses in Shanghai – Crimes and Misdemeanours – Defending Shanghai (Portuguese Company SVC) – A Macaense's life in Shanghai 1920-1951 – Macaenses in Shanghai - post 1949 5 Hong Kong Macaenses – from the Opium War to the Cold War Inhospitable lands – Ningbo – Macau – Part of the vast Portuguese presence in Asia – Macau's 'golden century'(1550's to 1640's) – Rise and demise of the Japan trade – Century of belt-tightening and decline (1650's to 1750's) – Decline of the Portuguese empire – Arrival of the British, 1635 – Century of rejuvenation (1750's to 1842) – The Canton factory system – Consequences for Macau and the Macaenses – The Opium War 1839-1842 (impact on Macau) 4 Macaense communities in China – Macau, Shanghai, Shantou, Shameen – from the Opium War to the Cold War (1842 - 1952) The early pioneers – The officials – Convicts and other deportees – The settlers – The solteiro merchants – The women – Priests and missionaries – The Jesuits' contribution to cultural understanding – Ethnic origins of the Macaenses – The ethnicity debate – Shortcomings of the debate 3 Uncharted seas and inhospitable lands

Inappropriate Labels: Portuguese, Macanese – Community – Diaspora 2 In the wake of the early pioneers The Macaenses – Survival techniques and skills – The contributions of the communities – Literature Review – Aims and scope of the Thesis – Approaches to the topic – Research method – Definitions and terminology – A social history of the Macaenses in China

Koo keuy koo kwan